Protein supplements, such as shakes, bars, and powders, might appear to be a convenient solution for individuals aiming to increase their protein consumption. However, there is a growing concern among pediatricians about teenagers' heavy reliance on these products.

A recent survey by the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll indicates that nearly 40% of parents report their teenagers have used protein supplements within the last year, with boys being more likely to consume them regularly compared to girls. Among the 46% of boys who took protein supplements, over half of their parents stated that the purpose was to build muscle.

In contrast, for the 36% of girls who used these supplements, parents mentioned that their primary reasons were weight loss or as a meal replacement during busy times. Approximately one in five parents believe their teenager is not getting an adequate amount of protein in their diet. Sarah Clark, co-director of the Mott Poll and a pediatric research scientist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, cautions that marketing can mislead people into thinking that higher protein content equates to healthier products, which is not always the case. She suggests that parents and teens should seek out balanced products containing protein along with other essential nutrients and fiber, while minimizing added sugars and caffeine.

The Mott Poll, conducted in August, surveyed 989 parents of teenagers aged 13 to 17, with a margin of error ranging from 1 to 7 percentage points. Forty-four percent of the parents indicated that they or another family member had encouraged their teenager to take protein supplements, particularly when the teenager showed interest in fitness, weight loss, enhancing appearance, improving athletic performance, or maintaining health. However, Clark points out that protein supplements may not effectively address these concerns.

While protein is a component of a healthy diet, its intake should be considered in the context of the individual's overall dietary intake. Diana Schnee, a pediatric dietitian at Cleveland Clinic Children’s in Ohio, who was not involved with the Mott Poll, states that it is rarely necessary for teenagers to take protein supplements. According to the Recommended Dietary Allowances, teenage girls aged 14 to 18 typically require 46 grams of protein per day, while boys of the same age need 52 grams.

Excessive protein intake from supplements can lead to dehydration and place additional strain on the kidneys, as noted by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Furthermore, the US Food and Drug Administration does not evaluate protein powders prior to their market release, which means users might be exposed to other substances, such as stimulants, according to Schnee. The FDA generally regulates dietary supplements as food and only has the authority to take action against adulterated or misbranded dietary supplement products after they reach the market.

Schnee emphasizes that if teenagers are consuming protein at each meal and in some snacks, they are likely getting enough protein. Protein supplements are rarely necessary and may only be recommended for certain teenagers who follow a restricted diet, such as vegetarian or vegan plans. In such cases, she advises seeking the guidance of a nutritionist who can direct you towards supplements certified by the NSF, formerly known as the National Sanitation Foundation.

Clark highlights that protein intake is more beneficial when spread throughout the day rather than consumed all at once. A regular meal should include an adequate amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and water. These can be achieved by selecting a variety of foods from the five main food groups, including fruits and vegetables, grains, and dairy. The Cleveland Clinic explains that there are nine essential amino acids that should be consumed regularly throughout the day. All nine can be found in complete proteins, typically sourced from animals, while only a few are found in incomplete proteins, usually plant-based foods.

However, consuming balanced meals is not the only factor in supporting a teenager's body. Adequate sleep and hydration are also crucial to ensure that the body has enough time to recover, according to Schnee.